ESLICARBAZEPINE
It is an antiepileptic drug (AED) used primarily to treat partial-onset seizures in adults and children (usually over 4 years of age). It is chemically related to carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine, but has a slightly different pharmacological profile and metabolism.
Is it a mood stabilizer?
No, Eslicarbazepine is not considered a mood stabilizer. The main purpose of it is to treat epilepsy.
What condition is Eslicarbazepine acetate used to treat?
It is used in treating focal seizures among adults and children aged 4 and above.
In what forms is Eslicarbazepine acetate available?
- Film-coated oral tablets in 200 mg, 400 mg, 600 mg, and 800 mg strengths
- Oral suspension (not available in India as of now)
How does Eslicarbazepine acetate function in the body? (Mechanism of action)
Eslicarbazepine acetate works by calming down the electrical signals in the brain that can cause seizures. After you take the medicine, it turns into an active form in your body. This active form helps block certain pathways in nerve cells, stopping them from sending too many signals. This helps prevent seizures.
Can we switch Eslicarbazepine, carbamazepine or Oxcarbazepine?
Though all three above drugs are of the same family, the switch between them should be done gradually and under medical supervision. Since the two drugs have different doses and effects, your doctor will adjust them carefully to avoid side effects or seizure problems.
How long does it take for Eslicarbazepine acetate to start working?
Eslicarbazepine acetate starts working shortly after your body converts it into its active form. However, it may take few days to weeks to notice its full effects as your doctor adjusts the dose to find what works best for you. Consistently taking the medication as prescribed is important for it to work effectively in controlling seizures.
How can Eslicarbazepine acetate benefit you or your child’s treatment?
Taking medicine regularity is important, skipping doses has potential risk of increasing seizures.
At what time of day should Eslicarbazepine acetate be taken?
The ideal time to take Eslicarbazepine acetate can depend on your specific treatment plan and daily routine, but it is typically taken once daily, at around the same time every day, to maintain a optimum drug levels in your body.
Should Eslicarbazepine acetate be taken before meals?
Eslicarbazepine acetate is typically taken once a day, either before or after food. The timing does not need to be specific to meals, so you can take it according to your schedule as long as you are consistent with the timing each day. However, if it causes any stomach upset, it might be helpful to take it after food.
How to take Eslicarbazepine?
Tablets: A whole tablet must be swallowed with a glass of water, juice or milk. It can be given by crushing and mixing it in water/ juice or small serving of yogurt / Curd.
What should be done if a dose is accidentally missed?
If you miss the dose, it can be taken as soon as you remember. If you remember close to next due dose, just take the next dose as normal, don’t take double dose
NEVER GIVE A DOUBLE DOSE OF ESLICARBAZEPINE ACETATE
If your child vomits within 30 minutes after taking the medication, you can give the dose again. But if the vomiting happens after 30 minutes, do not give another dose and just wait until the next scheduled dose.
What are the side effects when taking this medicine?
All medicines can have benefits as well as possible side effects. Knowing about potential side effects helps you respond quickly and safely if they occur, allowing the medicine to work effectively.
Serious side effects are rare, they can happen. If you notice any signs of a serious reaction, seek medical help or contact your doctor immediately.
Side effects of Eslicarbazepine Acetate:
- Gut related (Gastrointestinal): Nausea, Stomach pain, constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, or inflammation of the stomach lining.
- Nervous System: Dizziness, drowsiness, headache.
- Eyes: Double vision (diplopia), Blurred vision, rapid eye movement (nystagmus), or other vision changes.
- Heart and Circulation: High blood pressure, swelling in the limbs.
- Skin: Rash.
- Electrolytes: Low sodium levels (hyponatremia).
- Urinary System: Urinary tract infection.
- Nervous System: Unsteady walking, fatigue, memory problems, trouble sleeping, tremors, or difficulty with coordination and balance.
- Respiratory System: Cough.
Rare or Severe Side Effects:
- Skin: Severe skin eruptions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis.
- Blood: Can decrease blood cells.
- Liver: Increase in liver enzyme levels.
- Allergic Reactions: Severe reactions like anaphylaxis or angioedema.
- Hormonal: Changes in thyroid hormones
- Metabolism: Changes in cholesterol levels.
What to Do
- If you notice serious symptoms like a severe rash, swelling, breathing difficulty, or unusual bruising, seek medical attention right away.
- For mild side effects, talk to your doctor to see if adjustments to your dose or treatment plan are needed.
Can taking Eslicarbazepine acetate result in gaining weight?
No, Weight gain is not reported as a side effect of Eslicarbazepine acetate commonly. However, everyone’s body reacts differently to medication, and changes in weight can sometimes occur due to factors like changes in appetite, energy levels, or overall health.
Is it safe to take other common medications while using Eslicarbazepine acetate?
- Yes, some common medications can be taken alongside Eslicarbazepine acetate, but it is important to be cautious because Eslicarbazepine can interact with other drugs.
- Certain medications, such as those that affect liver enzymes (like carbamazepine, phenytoin, or some antidepressants), can alter how Eslicarbazepine is processed in your body. Similarly, other medications that impact your blood pressure, mood, or seizures may need adjustments if taken with Eslicarbazepine.
- It is always best to consult with your doctor before starting any new medication—whether it is over-the-counter, prescription, or herbal—during your course of Eslicarbazepine acetate.
Is there any food that should be avoided while on Eslicarbazepine acetate?
- Alcohol: Can increase drowsiness.
- Caffeine: High amounts of caffeine may interfere with your sleep if you experience insomnia as a side effect of the medication.
- Grapefruit and Grapefruit Juice: While not specifically linked to Eslicarbazepine, grapefruit can affect the way some medications are processed in the liver.
Can Eslicarbazepine acetate be used during pregnancy and lactation?
Pregnancy: Eslicarbazepine acetate should not be taken during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary, and only if your doctor determines that the potential benefits outweigh the risks.
Lactation: Eslicarbazepine should not be taken while breastfeeding, unless your doctor determines it is absolutely necessary. Your doctor will evaluate whether the benefits outweigh any potential risks to your baby.
Is it okay to stop Eslicarbazepine acetate (withdrawal)?
Do not stop taking Eslicarbazepine acetate abruptly, as this may increase the risk of seizures. Always talk to your doctor before changing or stopping any of your medications.
Where is Eslicarbazepine acetate supposed to be stored?
Store Eslicarbazepine at room temperature, in a cool, dry place away from heat, moisture, and light.
What should be monitored regularly during Eslicarbazepine acetate therapy?
- Serum sodium levels in the blood.
- Liver function tests.
- Visual changes.
- Check for mood changes, depression, or any suicidal thoughts.
- Watch for any worsening of seizures or new side effects.
- Monitor for any signs of allergic reactions or skin rashes.
What can be done to manage the side effects of Eslicarbazepine acetate?
- Dizziness or drowsiness: Avoid driving and refrain from using machines until you feel better. Rest if needed.
- Nausea: Take medicine with food to reduce stomach upset.
- Headache: Drink plenty of water and consider using a mild pain reliever if needed.
- Skin rash: It could be serious reaction; Contact your doctor right then.
- Low sodium symptoms (like confusion or tiredness): Let your doctor know immediately.
If side effects worry you or don’t go away, always consult your doctor.
SUMMARY:
Eclicarbazepine acetate is an agent used to treat both adults and children who have partial seizures. It works by calming brain activity to prevent seizures and is taken once daily, with or without food. It may take weeks to see full effects, so consistent use is important. Although severe reactions are uncommon, common side effects include nausea and dizziness. The drug can interact with other medicines, so consult your doctor before combining treatments. Unless absolutely required, it is often avoided during pregnancy and lactation. Regular check-ups and proper storage are important. Any serious adverse effects should be reported right once to your physician.
Let us know if this information was useful!
Author:
1. Dr. Ramya. R, Pharm D, Clinical pharmacologist, Aster Hospitals, Bengaluru
2. Dr Praveen Kumar, B. Pharm, Pharm D(PB), Head Clinical Pharmacologist, Aster Hospitals, Bengaluru
3. Dr C P Ravi Kumar, Consultant Paediatric Neurologist, Aster CMI Hospital.