Dr. C P Ravi Kumar
Dr. C. P. Ravi Kumar Lead & Senior Consultant – Paediatric Neurology, The Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Mahadevapura, Bangalore
What is Clonazepam?
Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine medication primarily used to treat seizure disorders, panic attacks, and sometimes anxiety-related conditions.
What is clonazepam commonly taken for?
- Panic disorder
- Seizure disorders
- Anxiety
- REM sleep behavior disorder
- Vertigo, acute episodes
- Tardive dyskinesia
- Relax tense or stiff muscles
What are the different dosage forms of Clonazepam?
- Tablets: 0.5 mg, 1 mg, and 2 mg strength tablets
- Orally Disintegrating Tablets (ODTs): Designed to dissolve quickly on the tongue for easier administration.
- Oral syrup: A liquid form for patients who have difficulty swallowing tablets.
CLONAZEPAM VS LORAZEPAM
Clonazepam and lorazepam are both medications used for anxiety and seizures, but they work differently. Clonazepam stays in the body longer, so it’s usually taken once or twice a day for ongoing issues like panic disorder or epilepsy. Lorazepam kicks in faster but doesn’t last as long, making it better for sudden anxiety or short-term relief (fast acting, short lasting). Clonazepam provides more gradual, steady effects, while lorazepam works quickly but fades sooner. Both can cause sleepiness, dizziness, or dependence if used too much or for too long. Doctors decide which one to use based on whether someone needs immediate help (lorazepam) or longer-lasting control (clonazepam). Always follow a doctor’s instructions to stay safe.
How does Clonazepam work? (mechanism of action)?
Clonazepam works by enhancing the effects of GABA, a natural chemical in the brain that helps calm nerve activity. Clonazepam makes GABA more effective, helping to relax the nervous system, reduce panic attacks, and control epilepsy.
Can Clonazepam be used to help me sleep?
Clonazepam may be prescribed to assist with sleep, particularly when sleep disturbances are linked to anxiety or specific medical conditions. Its calming effects can help promote relaxation and improve the ability to fall asleep. However, it is generally not considered a first-line treatment for insomnia due to the potential risk of dependence with prolonged use. It should only be used under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional and according to the prescribed instructions.
How fast will Clonazepam help me?
Clonazepam usually starts to help within an hour after taking it. You may begin to feel its calming effects and relief from symptoms during this time. However, the exact speed can vary depending on your body, the dose, and whether you take it with food. Always make sure to follow your doctor’s instructions on how much Clonazepam to take and how to use it.
Why is Clonazepam needed for you or your child?
It may be prescribed for seizure control or reducing muscle tightness, hence taking medicine regularly is of utmost importance. So do not stop giving Clonazepam all of a sudden, as it may result in having more seizures or worsens muscle tightness.
When is the optimal time to take Clonazepam?
Twice a day; morning and evening. Ideally, 10-12 hours apart.
For example, anytime between 7 to 8 am and right after 12 hours between 7 to 8 pm. You can adjust the time slot according to your schedule.
However, there are some exceptions when your doctor may advise to give it thrice a day. Please follow your doctor’s instructions in such case.
It should ideally be given at the same time every day to establish a routine as it minimizes the chances of missing a dose.
Does Clonazepam need to be taken before eating or after eating?
Clonazepam can generally be taken before or after food, so it doesn’t strictly need to be taken before or after eating. However, taking it with food might help reduce any stomach upset in some people.
How should this medicine be taken or given?
Tablets: Swallow the tablet whole with a glass of water, juice, or milk. If needed, you can crush the tablet and mix it with a little juice, water, or a spoonful of yogurt or curd before giving it.
Liquid or Syrup: Always use a proper measuring device like an oral syringe or a medicine spoon to give the correct dose. These tools are available at local pharmacies. Avoid using kitchen spoons, as they may not give the right amount.
Dispersible Tablets: These should be taken as they are—do not chew, split, or crush them before swallowing.
What if I skip a dose?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you recall, provided it has been less than six hours since the scheduled time. If more than six hours have passed or it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed one and continue with your regular schedule If you miss several doses, talk to your doctor for advice.
NEVER GIVE A DOUBLE DOSE OF CLONAZEPAM
If your child vomits within 30 minutes of taking the medication, you may give the dose again. However, if vomiting occurs more than 30 minutes after taking the medicine, do not repeat the dose.
Are there any potential side effects of this medicine for my child?
Every medicine can have positive effects as well as some risks. While side effects don’t happen to everyone, it’s important to be aware of them. Being informed helps you recognize any problems early and get the right help quickly, so you can safely continue treatment. Though serious side effects are rare, they can occur. If you experience any severe symptoms, contact your doctor or seek medical attention right away.
Side effects of Clonazepam
- Nervous system: Drowsiness, dizziness, poor coordination, confusion, memory or focus issues, mood changes.
- Stomach: Constipation, low appetite, indigestion, stomach pain.
- Breathing: Cough, sinus issues, shortness of breath.
- Urine/Reproductive: Painful periods, frequent urination, infections.
- Eyes: Blurred or double vision.
- Muscles: Muscle or joint pain, weakness.
- Skin: Rashes, dry or itchy skin.
- Heart/Circulation: Swelling in legs, low blood pressure, fast heartbeat.
- Rare: Liver issues, low blood counts, unusual behaviour, dependency.
Other Considerations:
- Dependence: Clonazepam can cause dependence if used long-term.
- Drooling or excess salivation may be noted, usually, it is transient.
- If you notice any serious symptoms or unusual changes, let your healthcare provider know right away. .
Does Clonazepam cause weight gain?
Clonazepam does not commonly cause weight gain, but it can affect appetite in some people. A small number of patients may experience increased appetite or weight changes while taking this medication. If you notice significant weight gain or changes in appetite, talk to your doctor to discuss possible solutions or adjustments to your treatment.
Can Clonazepam be used alongside commonly prescribed medicines?
Unless advised by your doctor, it is generally safe to give your child medications like paracetamol, ibuprofen, antibiotics, and other basic over-the-counter treatments.
However, always check with your doctor before giving any additional medicines, including herbal or alternative remedies.
Some medications used for treating epilepsy might interact with Clonazepam, possibly reducing its effectiveness or increasing the chance of side effects. If you observe an increase in seizures or have any worries, reach out to your doctor immediately.
Are there any foods I shouldn’t eat when on Clonazepam?
When taking clonazepam, there are no specific foods you must avoid, but certain things should be kept in mind to ensure the medication works properly and to reduce the risk of side effects:
Alcohol: Avoid alcohol while taking clonazepam, as it can significantly increase the sedative effects, leading to drowsiness, dizziness, and even respiratory depression.
Grapefruit: While not a major concern for clonazepam like it is with some other medications, Grapefruit can affect the metabolism of some medications, potentially altering how your body processes clonazepam.
Caffeine: High amounts of caffeine may reduce the calming effects of clonazepam, so it’s wise to limit your intake of coffee, energy drinks, or other sources of caffeine while on this medication.
High-fat meals:Fatty foods can slow down the absorption of medications. While not a major issue with clonazepam, it is still a good idea to avoid excessively greasy or fatty meals that might interfere with the speed at which the medication takes effect.
General Tips:
Hydrate well: Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated, as clonazepam can cause dry mouth.
Balanced Diet: Maintain a balanced diet to support overall health, as clonazepam may cause dizziness or fatigue that could make it harder to maintain regular eating habits.
Always follow your healthcare provider’s advice regarding diet, especially if they recommend avoiding any specific foods based on your medical history.
Are there any risks of taking Clonazepam during pregnancy or while lactating?
Pregnancy: Clonazepam is usually avoided during pregnancy unless it’s clearly needed. Using it in the early stages of pregnancy may raise the risk of birth defects. If you’re pregnant or planning to become pregnant, speak with your doctor to understand the potential risks and benefits. Your doctor might recommend other treatments or closely monitor your condition if Clonazepam is necessary.
Breastfeeding: Clonazepam is typically not advised while breastfeeding. Always consult your doctor, who can guide you toward the safest treatment options for both you and your baby.
Is there any risk if I conceive while taking Clonazepam?
Clonazepam may pose risks if taken during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, as it could impact the baby’s development. If you’re pregnant or thinking about becoming pregnant, it’s important to speak with your doctor immediately. They can help you understand the potential effects and work with you to find the safest treatment approach for both you and your child.
Can I quit Clonazepam on my own?
Stopping Clonazepam abruptly may lead to withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, irritability, difficulty sleeping, muscle aches, shaking, and in serious cases, seizures. To prevent these effects, it is essential to slowly taper the dosage with your doctor’s guidance. Do not discontinue Clonazepam without medical supervision.
What is the proper way to store Clonazepam?
Store clonazepam in a cool, dry place at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct sunlight. Make sure to store it out of reach of children and pets to prevent accidental ingestion.
What should be monitored while taking Clonazepam?
- Complete Blood count.
- Suicidal thoughts and behavioral changes
What can I do to manage the side effects of Clonazepam?
Sleepiness: Take the medicine at night if approved by your doctor. Do not drive after you take clonazepam.
Dizziness: get up slowly and keep well hydrated.
Memory trouble: Use reminders and talk to your doctor if it worsens.
Mood changes: Tell your doctor if you feel anxious or sad, and seek help if you have harmful thoughts.
Stomach issues: Eat fibre, drink water, and stay active. See a doctor if problems persist.
Blurred vision: Avoid tasks needing clear vision and consult your doctor if it continues.
If side effects are severe or don’t improve, contact your doctor for advice. They may adjust your dose or suggest alternatives to help you feel better.
SUMMARY:
Clonazepam is a medication primarily used to treat anxiety, panic disorders, and seizures. It belongs to the benzodiazepine class and works by calming the brain and nervous system. It can cause side effects like drowsiness, dizziness, and memory issues. Long-term use can lead to dependence, so it should be taken as prescribed. It’s important not to stop clonazepam suddenly, as withdrawal symptoms can occur. Always consult a doctor before making any changes to the dosage or discontinuing the medication.
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REFERENCE:
Author:
- Dr. Likitha B S, Pharm. D, Clinical Pharmacologist, Aster Hospitals, Bengaluru
- Dr Praveen Kumar, B. Pharm, Pharm D(PB), Lead Clinical Pharmacologist, REGIONAL HEAD KIMS Hospitals, Bengaluru
- Dr. C. P. Ravi Kumar Lead & Senior Consultant – Paediatric Neurology KIMS HOSPITALS BENGALURU